How To Attract Customers Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1163 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Firstly, I think if ACER wants to attract customers, it needs to know what customers would like. Why customers are going to buy your products? Some people pay attentions to Computer Configuration, this part of the people have some computer knowledge. However, a lot of women and children just pay attentions to Computer appearance. So ACER need to respond to guests needs. Secondly, How to reduce the cost? I have an idea that is part. ACER need to find the lowest-cost part suppliers. Finally, ACER is building a good brand image. ACER has a lot of Environmental Sustainability in Australia. For example, Plant 1 Million Trees , Take Back Program and Carbon Offset Programs with education departments. On the other hand, ACER needs to know their Social Responsibility. The scope of the review: I search about information about ACER. There are a large number of studies of PC Company in the general population. However, since the focus of this research is on ACER, t hese will not be reviewed in detail and will only be referred to as appropriate. Main Body: Change Configuration then attract customers. In 2003, ACER has released its second- generation machine, the Travel Mate C110Tci. The configuration is the Intel Centrino package of Pentium M processor running at 1 gigahertz, 512 megabytes of RAM and 802.11b Wi-Fi wireless technology. It weighs just 3.2lb but still manages to provide about 2.5 hours of computing time. And it costs just $2000 online. So it has high Cost Performance. Some people will be attracting. In 1995, in a major departure from the PCs boxy look, Acers line of Aspire personal computers features the same rounded contours as a television set or videocassette recorder. Analysts say this is a breakthrough, because the PC has had essentially the same bland, corporate look for the past 15 years. Besides price, they say, the PCs appearance will soon become a key selling tool in the fast-growing home market. With the big Christmas buying season beginning soon, Acer will be facing stiff competition in retail stores by market leader Packard Bell Electronics Inc. and other big rivals, including Compaq Computer Corp., International Business Machines Corp. and Apple Computer Inc. Packard Bell, based in Westlake Village, Calif., last year broke some new ground in design by adding amenities such as ear-level speakers on the PC, as well as color-coded cables to make it easier to start up. Apple, based in Cupertino, Calif., is known to be experimenting with new designs to its line of Macintoshes, which have been considered among the sleekest computers in the industry. So ACER has to design a product of beautiful appearance and high-performance. As CRN Senior Editor Joseph F. Kovar pointed out in the Nov. 8 issue, Shih and Acer President Rudi Schmidleithner have put their company in place to drive 100 percent of its sales through the channel. And in CRNs monthly polls, Acer is being named by an increas ing number of VARs as the provider of their best-selling PC. When I saw in the PC battle for the throne of HewlettPackard between Dell and expand, it is becoming increasingly clear, and I think that the powerful 3 Acer orbit grab. Over time, Acer may just run to the Hewlett-Packard and Dell, the No. 2 point, ultimately, on the 1st. When you peel the manufacturing process, HP and Dell, Acer, the story is very different. HP and Dell are dependent on the matrix contract manufacturers, suppliers and assembly lines, spend a lot of effort to find the lowest-cost supplier of logistics. Meanwhile, Acer is a vertically integrated manufacturer, the most basic components. Obviously, this is an advantage in its final price of the complete system. This is, of course, unless HP or Dell are able to find lower-cost suppliers. But I bet there is likely to be on the internal components of occasions Acer, Dell and HP PC. In any case, my point is that just 12 months ago, it looks like the P C battle comes down to a tug of war the war between HP and Dell do not have another serious contender emerging. Acer has a stable income. This appeared to have to take advantage of its vertical integration, is now focused on the indirect channel. ACER Social Responsibility: Business ethics is behind the organization, professional, institutional and social development of the process, has become the major challenges facing multinationals operating philosophy, Acer, must be met in the 21st century. This is a combination of principles and values ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹to guide management efforts for economic and social goals. The morality company realized that it must bear all the economic, legal, social and charitable responsibilities. One of the elements of this management philosophy, is to reach a global balance, the target set by the companys corporate social responsibility program integrates human, environmental and soci al resources. Corporate Social Responsibility is a business issue and licensing business in the 21st century. Therefore, as the worlds leading PC brand, Acer comprehensive corporate social responsibility strategy. Since 2006, Acer has a comprehensive and in-depth review of its actions to promote sustainable development. By integrating and embedding corporate social responsibility into their business operations, and actively participate in global corporate social responsibility initiatives, Acer has demonstrated its commitment to corporate social responsibility and determination. Try also continuing to contribute to global sustainable development. Acer Environmental Sustainability: Acer worldwide is fully aware that our products may be due to the potential impact on the environment. Thus, taking into account our product design from the outset, production methods, in order to reduce the environmental load, in addition to the users needs, functional and value-added. In this wo rld of limited natural resources, Acer attaches great importance to all the best use of material resources. One of our first principle to extend the life of the product, and to optimize the use of our resources. In order to ensure that all Acer products comply with environmental regulations require the customers needs, our environmental product requirements, to ensure that all designs are compliant energy saving, low toxicity, ease of recycling and green label. In these standards, low toxicity standards restrict the use of hazardous substances, including batteries and packaging materials. Green labeling standards to ensure that strict standards, recycling labels and packaging materials, labels, material label. Acer attaches great importance to its responsibilities for environmental protection, and keen attention to international trends in this regard. In addition to actively keep pace with the international trend of environmental protection, Acer every effort to design environmental ly friendly products, in line with relevant international and domestic laws and regulations. So we know ACER is building a good brand image. Conclusion: The first literature show ACER has good product and attract customers. The second literature show is a vertically integrated manufacturer that builds most of the components itself. And it is better than HP and DELLs model. The final literature show ACER is building a good brand by this means of Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Sustainability. So we are going to search about ACERs issue and strategy at next weeks. 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The Supernatural in The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

If you can get past most of the superficial and unlikeable characters in The Picture of Dorian Gray, this story does indeed have its place in the horror genre. While I understand the setting and the characters were a reflection of the actual class distinctions during the Victorian time period, I found the shallowness and narcissism of Dorian Gray and his circle of acquaintances tedious. Fops came to mind more than once along with dont these people have a purpose other than to dine out and indulge themselves? Even the women were for the most part portrayed as imbeciles. It almost hurt to read the section in chapter four where Lord Henrys wife appears for the first and only time: She was usually in love with somebody, and, as her†¦show more content†¦It is interesting to note that he doesnt ask for it to show his sins, only take on his aging. The painting gets progressively more horrible throughout the story, but it is not just aging it shows, it seems to portray an awful deca y. Dorian uses a mirror to compare himself to the painting (one that Lord Henry gave him) and seems to take pleasure in his corruption: ...looking now at the evil and aging face on the canvas, and now at the fair young face that laughed back at him from the polished glass. The very sharpness of the contrast used to quicken his sense of pleasure. He grew more and more enamored of his own beauty, more and more interested in the corruption of his own soul ... wondering sometimes which were the more horrible, the signs of sin or the signs of age (Wilde 106). The use of the mirror further points out his narcissism. This is also the same mirror that he crushes under his feet the night he tries to kill the painting. The devil is suggested a couple of times (and I may have missed more instances). Once by the woman at the bar talking to James Vane: They say he has sold himself to the devil for a pretty face (Wilde 160). I think the more important reference was by Basil Hallward in viewing the painting the night Dorian killed him: Christ! What a thing I must have worshipped! It has the eyes of a devil (Wilde 131). Last but not least is the role Lord Henry played with the corruptionShow MoreRelated Criticism of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay examples1120 Words   |  5 PagesCriticism of Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, written by Oscar Wilde originally appeared in Lippincott’s Monthly Magazine in 1890.   It was then published in 1891, in book form, containing six additional chapters with revisions. The first reviews of Dorian Gray were mostly unfavorable.   It was condemned for its speculative treatment   of immoral or at least uncomfortable subjects. 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This text display cultural and literary disciplines entrenched in superficial concepts that have since become common in today’s shallow society. Contemporary texts such as the 2004 film The League Of Extraordinary Gentlemen (based on the comic book of the same name) directed by Stephen Norrington, not only visualise the character of Dorian Gray but alsoRead MoreModern Society as a Reflection of the Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde1460 Words   |  6 Pagessuch as Oscar Wilde’s only novel The Picture of Dorian Gray have incited modern adaptations and the appropriation of these texts into modern culture. This text display cultural and literary disciplines entrenched in superficial concepts that have since become common in today’s shallow society. 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The Picture of Dorian Gray was his first and onlyRead MoreThe Gothic Elements in the Picture of Dorian Gray4109 Words   |  17 PagesAbstract In an attempt to find out the purposes of the gothic elements in The Picture of Dorian Gray, this essay takes a close look at the three most prevailing gothic elements in the novel: the portrait, decadence, and the gothic villain by first exploring their presence and development throughout, and then examining their contributions to the characters, the plot development and the themes. First of all, the unique properties and symbolic meanings of the portrait in this novel are discussed. The

Financial Statements and Positive Accounting Theory

Question: Discuss about the Financial Statements and Positive Accounting Theory. Answer: Introduction Positive accounting research is a type of research that aims at shifting of the normal paradigm of dogmatic thinking. The critique aims to identify whether positive accounting research is the real thing and if so what can be done to improve it (Mouck, 1990). Watts and Zimmerman advocated the positive accounting research theory in 1978.The positive theory uses the technique of observation to base its argument as opposed to the normative theory that applies formulas. Positive accounting focuses on the actual real world transactions as well as events and tries to examine and understand how the events are accounted (Staff, 2016). The examination of the accounting methods reveal the economic consequences that might arise from using such accounting decisions, to determine measures for accounting future events. On the other hand, normative theory relies on deductions based on formulas that have been in existence. For this, reason the paper compares the old paradigm to several believes that hindered the discovery of new knowledge. On this paper, the report structure will be applied, as it is more understandable (Mehta, 2016). Is the positive accounting research approach the best? Is the research having obstacles in its adoption in various fields? What are some of the shortcomings experienced during its application? What are some of the improvement needed to perfect the positive accounting research? On the introduction part, the author highlights that the review of the theory is to expose the serious deficiencies in a way in which performance of positive accounting research practice takes place leading to the non-meaningful contribution to the wider project. The author has gone ahead to elaborate on the hypothesis by examining some recent papers. The first paper, the scientists research project, focuses on how individuals hold beliefs so close that they rarely acknowledge new ways and findings. The author continues to acknowledge the perception of sophists views urging that in order to incorporate positive accounting research, one should stop believing in normative accounting theory. This shows that the author tries to identify preconceived beliefs as one of the obstacles facing the adoption of positive accounting theory (Watts Zimmerman, 1986). The second paper, examples of positive research in accounting, the author portrays the broadness of positive accounting research and even highlight examples that are included in that type of research. Some of the examples include how managers perform evaluation systems with discretion, the different ways of presentation of accounts information affect the users ability to absorb and finally how audit experts make their judgment. The paper shows that while using the positive accounting approach there is a shortcoming as the broadness of the concept has various areas that may lead to misinterpretation (Wolk, 2009). The third paper, scientific ontology and epistemology, highlights that not all researches are positive accounting research, there is also interpretive research, which mainly answers the open-ended questions. This paper shows that the positive accounting research cannot work on its own and requires support from other research methods. To conduct a successful positive accounting research the author has highlighted three requirements as follows; the use variable models that are stringently tested the application of an analytic modeling and a shift of focus on measurement rather than testing. All the research questions formulated above lead to the issue addressed in the paper with most of them stemming from the literature review (Staff, 2016). Theoretical framework The author of the paper has adequately included materials from other sources in the way of reviewing them; disciplined framework mainly incorporates the work of others in a paper in order to lead the research in a way that it seeks to come up with a much better findings than previous researches. The frame on this paper is elaborating on why positive accounting research fails to capture the attention of its users. Moreover, the author addresses the broadness of the theory as well as the inefficiencies brought about by the broadness (Milne, 2002). The author has also reviewed the concept of the disciplinary matrix by (Kuhn, 1970) that suggests that positive research is a paradigm applied to solving accepted puzzles in social groups, regardless the social or intellectual reward that comes about from solving such a puzzle. The author goes ahead to cite ( Lee , 1997) who talks about the self-replicating elite and how there is no hope of the adoption of the new effective paradigm. This ded ucts the hypothesis of what is hindering the adoption of positive accounting research. To emphasize on this point the author has cited the well-known story of (Hannam, 2009). Hannam wrote about the theologians that refused to look through Galileos telescope as they thought it would show what is already known from the church doctrine or show something contrary to the teachings, as it had been corrupt by the devil. The papers theoretical framework has given the hypothesis concerning the positive accounting research, elaborated on the hypotheses and provided falsification and hypothesis testing. Moreover, the paper has addressed the requirements for a positive research program to ensure a successful positive accounting research process. (Hannam, 2009) Goes ahead to evaluate the hypothesis through various ways such as; Proper criterion To gather, reliable data a researcher should observe carefully and develop preliminary ideas. The idea will lead to the development of the formal theory that is in line with predictions that rely on the current empirical evidence. The predictions are then tested against new observations in cases where new and old theories conflict Falsification of the theory A theory may fail to answer the question, as other factors might be involved in the situation. The author cites the spacecraft lower speed that might be attributed to a gas leak, measurement error, outside forces pulling spacecraft or the whole theory might relatively be wrong. Qualitative positive research The aim of the qualitative positive research is to gather data to help in the preliminary understanding of the situation and what kind of questions should be developed. The logic and weakness of statistical hypothesis In general, there is a technical difficulty with the testing of hypothesis. The distribution of test statistics subjects to null hypothesis as it depends on auxiliary options. The effect of positive research program The author writes that hypothesis testing as commonly applied in positive accounting research provide weak evidence in support of the particular alternative hypothesis. Due to this, the writer suggests that much of what is claimed to be established might not be true. Regardless of all these shortcomings, the author has acknowledged that positive accounting research contributes to a wider scientific endeavor aiming to understand the human behavior and the complex setting of organizations in which decisions are highly dependent on specialized information as well as the control systems. Finally, in the conclusion part suggested the various ways in which the research requires adjustments for further improvement of results. The author ensures that all the suggestions are set at the end of the document to clearly help the readers understand the information on the paper before the final solution is presented. Significance and limitations of the article The paper written on positive accounting research is one of the papers whos information ought not to be kept on shelves to collect dust, but rather be keenly addressed as it has unearthed the dogmas that human beings seem to perceive hence limiting change. The theory purported by the paper is far much better as it involves observation of the real world, compared to the normative accounting that bases its findings on set policies (Melis, 2007). The timing of the paper is at its best, as most of the researchers need to incorporate various new ways of researching to come up with conclusive deductions, not as before where researches limited their areas of implementation like the sophist who were ignorant and the information they knew they kept it to themselves. On the other hand, positive accounting research has quit a number of limitations that make it less effective during its application. Some of the limitations include the broad concept that the specific theory e.g. how auditors make decisions, how they determine the fee and how managers justify their decisions. Another limitation is the fact that positive research on its own cannot deliver conclusive results and therefore require support from interpretive research to answer the open-end questions. The articles theoretical model so far it is not the best, and there is the need for a model that is highly specified (Kaplan Ruland, 1991). Conclusion The author has adequately criticized the positive research and highlighted all the various areas that the research fails to address Furthermore he has portrayed the dogmas exhibited by humans in the adoption of new ways. According to the author, positive accounting research is the much superior research compared to normative accounting research. Though positive research has not been widely embraced, there is still hope. To catalyze the adoption of this kind of a research, there is the need for few adjustments that will enable the research to be efficient. Some of the adjustments include; There is a need to provide better measurement methods to test the theoretical framework. This is because most researchers are mainly focused on other parameters and simply reduce the framework testing into mere statements. There ought to be a Shift of focus away from testing of the hypothesis and towards the estimation of parameters. For this reason, concepts require being operationalized with at most caution by use of proxies for other interesting concepts. Once a reliable way is established, it should be set as a benchmark for future researches and no need of coming up with new measurements for each study. Data archives of measurement to be provided for important concepts that have been made to test particular theories as well as contribute to the archive. The need for an archive is to ensure that careful measurements made by researchers get acknowledged as part of the discipline activity .These measurements prove worthy for future researches as well as b becomes a resource. Finally, there is a need for conducting numerous researches to validate the findings and hence come up with conclusive results. The replication of researches enables the validation of hypothesis testing hence confirming the accuracy of the measurement. Moreover, a test requires being carried out aiming to compare the theoretical framework against other studies to determine the reliability of the theoretical framework. References Avel, D. (2014). Positive accounting theory: theoretical and critical perspectives.International Journal of Critical Accounting, 6(4), p.396. BOLAND, L. and GORDON, I. (1992). Criticizing positive accounting theory.Contemporary Accounting Research, 9(1), pp.142-170. CHAMBERS, R. (1993). Positive Accounting Theory and the PA Cult.Abacus, 29(1), pp.1-26. Cheng, R. (1988).Toward a positive theory of state government accounting disclosure. 1st ed. [Philadelphia, Pa.]: [publisher not identified]. Collin, S., Tagesson, T., Andersson, A., Cato, J. and Hansson, K. (2009). Explaining the choice of accounting standards in municipal corporations: Positive accounting theory and institutional theory as competitive or concurrent theories.Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 20(2), pp.141-174. Deegan, C. (2009).Financial accounting theory. 1st ed. North Ryde, N.S.W.: McGraw-Hill. Dhaliwal, D. and Schepanski, A. (1984). On the use of positive economic theory to explain the choice of accounting methods to financial accounting students.Journal of Accounting Education, 2(2), pp.89-96. Dye, R. and Sridhar, S. (2008). A positive theory of flexibility in accounting standards.Journal of Accounting and Economics, 46(2-3), pp.312-333. Kaplan, S. and Ruland, R. (1991). Positive theory, rationality and accounting regulation.Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 2(4), pp.361-374. Melis, A. (2007). Financial Statements and Positive Accounting Theory: The Early Contribution of Aldo Amaduzzi.Accounting, Business Financial History, 17(1), pp.53-62. Milne, M. (2002). Positive accounting theory, political costs And social disclosure analyses: a critical look.Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 13(3), pp.369-395. Mouck, T. (1990). Positive Accounting Theory as a Lakatosian Research Programme.Accounting and Business Research, 20(79), pp.231-239. Ram Sharan Mehta, P. (2016).Conceptual and theoretical framework. [online] Slideshare.net. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/rsmehta/conceptual-and-theoretical-framework [Accessed 16 Dec. 2016]. Richardson, G. and O'Malley, P. (1995).Ethics and positive accounting theory. 1st ed. Waterloo, ON: Centre for Accounting Ethics, School of Accountancy, University of Waterloo. Thornton, J. (2003). User Primacy, Positive Accounting Theory, and Nonaudit Services: Evidence from the SEC's Independence Hearings.Accounting and the Public Interest, 3(1), pp.36-57. Watts, R. and Zimmerman, J. (1986).Positive accounting theory. 1st ed. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Staff, M. (2016).What Are the Differences Between Positive and Normative Accounting? -- The Motley Fool. [online] The Motley Fool. Available at: https://www.fool.com/knowledge-center/differences-between-positive-normative-accounting.aspx [Accessed 15 Dec. 2016].

Three Whys of the Russian Revolution Essay Example

Three Whys of the Russian Revolution Paper Three â€Å"Whys† of the Russian Revolution Why did Tsarism fall according to Pipes? Firstly, as to answering the question Why did Tsarism fall? , unlike revisionists, Pipes argues that the fall of Tsarism was not preordained, there is no specific explanation or reason by itself to answer this question. Pipes uses the example of an apple tree(pg. 9); â€Å"When you shake an apple tree and apples come cascading down, what â€Å"causes† them to fall? Is it the shaking of the tree? Is it the ripeness of the fruit which would have made them fall down, sooner or later, anyway? In dealing with human events, we find similar levels of explanation, from the most specific to the most general,and it is next to impossible to ascertain which of them determines the outcome. In other words it can state that Tsarism collapsed because it was meant to fall, or because it was falling already, or the actions that made it fall. It starts of by stating how people believed Tsarism would last a long time, and even mention that not even Lenin predicted the fall of Tsardom (pg. 12). One of the strong reasons Pipes disagrees with the historians who believe that the revolution was inevitable. We will write a custom essay sample on Three Whys of the Russian Revolution specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Three Whys of the Russian Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Three Whys of the Russian Revolution specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pipes said one another reason would be, that the intellectuals were the ones who told the government the complains of the people. Therefore when they did it, they would appeal for a change in the governmental system. While the peasants just wanted immediate changes for their own interest. An example that occurred was Bloody Sunday, which not only workers put the intellectuals create a petition, and cause the first Russian Revolution. Another major factor that contributed to the end of the Tsardom was the lack of feudalism, all of the power in the country concentrated mainly in the â€Å"hands† and on the crown of the tzar. Like pipes explains with his philosophical metaphor the Russian state at the time was just like a bunch of wires together and as soon as one of them would split the whole the thing would crumble down and fall apart. That is what happened to Russia. Also because the tsar was an autocrat most of the time didnt have much to say as it shows in (pg. 17) â€Å"the population was a mere object of state authority. One of the strongest factor, according to Pipes, it was especially political issues, Intelligentsia was the strong reason for the all of Tsardom, because they took the advantage from the governments weakness to advance to get what they wanted and have more demands. Concluding some extra example would be that in the Russia village could â€Å"not find enough land to employ all those living in it† and resulted them to be in an â€Å"explosive mood†, because of the problem with lack of land. What is Pipes central thesis? The central thesis is clearly stated on page 8 ; â€Å"my thesis is precisely the opposite to that advanced bu the revisionists, which by now is virtually obligatory in Western universities. I shall argue that there was nothing preordained about either the fall of tsarism or the Bolshevik power, seizure. In fact, I feel that the latter was something of a fluke, but that, once it occurred and the totalitarian machine was in place, then the rise of Stalin became virtually a foregone conclusion. †In other words in a sentence conclusion, the revolution wasnt predictable at all. Where does Pipes fit on the political spectrum? I believe Pipes is a Right wing conservative to a moderate extent. As a reader I have noticed this for two specific reasons. He far from agrees with the thesis stated but the revisionists and the soviet union. Pipes make it look as if the scholars and intellectuals of Russia have been brainwashed to a certain extent where they actually come to believe that bolshevik revolution was a genuine result that forced itself to an accomplishment. He also makes it clear that anti communism is should not be mistaken as something that holds traces of fascism or even the most radical social national. Richard Pipes is definitely not a marxist which gives as more clue for him to be a right wing. Pipes firmly states that it was somehow a matter of chance and fate combined that led the bolsheviks to actually take over that day in october, and he argues that it was one event in particular the night right before that contributed to the final result: communism. He argues that if Lenin wouldnt have faked drunk to get passed the police that actually attempted to stop him probably Tsardom wouldnt have met its demise, but it did. This is exactly the opposite of what brainwashed revisionists believe.

The 2008 Financial Crisis

The 2008 Financial Crisis The housing and monetary policies are the key causes of the 2008 economic crisis. Two main mortgage firms, the Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Corporation eased the credit requirements on loans it purchased from lending institutions. In September 2008, the two giant mortgage companies faced the danger of bankruptcy as they had guaranteed close to half of the total mortgages in the US.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The 2008 Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Clinton administration came up with the idea of making poor citizens and low-income consumers own homes. As a result, banks were under pressure to lend to minorities and low-income consumers who even had no security for the loans (White par. 1). Notably, some of the borrowers who accessed the sub-prime loans had poor credit ratings, did not make down payments for homes, and had no verifiable assets. So misguided were the housing policies that unqua lified borrowers could access mortgages with the support of the federal government.  After the banks and other lending institutions had loaned the low-income earners, the prices of houses peaked and turned down completely. At this point, borrowers who had inadequate capital compared to their debt started to default the repayment of mortgages (FRONTLINE). Notably, these categories of borrowers were propelled to borrow with the hope of increased prices of houses in the future to repay the mortgages or sell their properties at high prices. This was not to be as prices of essential products went down too. The occurrence led to rise in the number of defaulters on nonprime-mortgages. The increased numbers of toxic mortgages made investment banks lose trillion of dollars. The rest of the Wall Street felt the effect with Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke making critical moves to salvage the Bear Stearns Investment Bank, which had remained the subject of rumours that it would be fallin g soon. Bear Stearns’s stock had slumped to a low of $57 from $171 thus making it clear that something had to be done to contain the situation. The then Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson had to try out different approaches to rescue the entire financial market from the crisis. At one instance, he persuaded the federal government to provide the Treasury with $700 billion for buying the high-risk mortgage securities. Rumours in the financial market are fears that market players have towards operations of a firm. For instance, market manipulators and short sellers can spread false information about the nature and operations of a company. The financial market deals in monetary issues and some of the institutions include Bear Stearns Bank, AIG Insurance Company, Lehman Brothers and Fannie Mae Corporation.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bear’s chief executi ve, Alan Schwartz blamed falsehood on the loss of liquidity of $10 billion in one working day (â€Å"Bank Chief Blames Rumours for Bears Collapse† par. 4). This happened as customers, trading partners, and investors fled after listening to rumours and market manipulation from competitors. However, JP Morgan Bank salvaged Bear from collapsing after the Federal Reserve accepted to stand behind the institution with $30 billion of public funds. So intense was the crisis that the failure of Bear almost led to the collapse of the entire financial market. Clearly, from the occurrence of the 2008 financial crisis, rumours can be detrimental especially if they are false. Moral hazard is a situation where a party to a deal becomes dishonest as per the terms and conditions of the deal. In the case of assisting Bear not to go out of business, JP Morgan had a deal with Bear to buy the institution at $2 per share; however, mass outrage from shareholders made the firm raise the price to $10 per share. The initial price of $2 per share was meant to avoid scenarios of rewarding investors in a failed business. The principle prevents a situation where firms, which have been responsible for their downfall, receive financial support from the federal government. On the other hand, systematic risk entails the fall of an entire market. The fall of Bear Sterns followed by the collapse of the giant mortgage firms of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Corporation and finally Lehman Brothers Investment Bank, represents a clear example of systematic risk in the entire financial market (Moseley par. 8). Critics argue that moral hazard promotes systematic risk as it can encourage other firms to engage in malpractices with the aim of receiving aid from the Federal Reserve.  The 2008 financial crisis made policy makers alter their opinions on free trade. Firstly, they agreed that the rules of the World Trade Organization (WTO) are inadequate to the current dynamic and global economy. As a re sult, policy makers in both government and private institutions prefer regional free trade agreements as a way of making up for rules that have been missing in the multilateral trade option. With the Doha negotiation in force, multilateral trading system is losing its relevance in the international trade (United Nations). The financial crisis revealed that the state of overdependence on one nation by developing nations is extremely dangerous for the current global, dynamic, and unpredictable economy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The 2008 Financial Crisis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bank Chief Blames Rumours for Bears Collapse. Mailguardian. Mail Guardian Online, 6 Apr. 2008. Web. Frontline. Inside The Meltdown. PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. WGBH Educational Foundation, 8 Feb. 2009. Web. Moseley, Fred. The U.S. economic crisis: Causes and solutions. International Socialist Review ISSUE 81 January-Febr uary 2012. International Socialist Organization, 8 Apr. 2009. Web. United Nations. International Trade After the Economic Crisis: Challenges and New Opportunities. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. UNCTAD, 5 Aug. 2010. Web. White, Lawrence H. Housing Finance and the 2008 Financial Crisis | Downsizing the Federal Government. Downsizing the Federal Government. Cato Institute, 5 Aug. 2009. Web.

This represents one assignment, comprised of 4 related papers, each Thesis

This represents one assignment, comprised of 4 related papers, each between 10 - 15 pages - Thesis Example 363). Thus, theories are an expression of specifically defined domains that offer explanations of how and why causal links are formed â€Å"so that the theory gives specific predictions† (Wacker, 1998, p. 364). More particularly, theory is a â€Å"limited and fairly precise picture† (Wacker, 1998, p. 364). The limited and precise picture informed by theory is based on how terms, domains, links/relationships and predictions/assumptions are defined (Wacker, 1998, p. 364). In this regard, theories by definition are operational. As Wacker (1998) explains, a theory answers the questions of â€Å"how, when (or where), and why† which is distinguished from descriptive objectives which merely answers the questions of â€Å"what (or who)† (Wacker, 1998, p. 364). Gelso (2006) offers a more condensed definition of theory and in doing so defines theory as â€Å"a statement of the suspected relationship between and among variables† (p. 458). From this perspective, theories are expected to be present in just about all aspects of research. In other words, in all research it should be anticipated that variables should be linked in one form or another. However, Gelso (2006) cautions that theories can be either informal or formal. Informal theories do not contain explicit statements and lack objectives for formulating a â€Å"logically consistent and mutually interdependent body of knowledge† (Gelso, 2006, p. 458). According to Gelso (2006) a theory will have scientific value if it is able to reveal why it is anticipated that variable s will be related or will have an impact on each other. There must also be logical rationales for anticipating the link between and impact of variables (Gelso, 2006). In this regard, theory functions in four main ways: descriptive, delimiting, generative and integrative (Gelso, 2006). The

Corporate conflict and analyze the legal case Research Paper

Corporate conflict and analyze the legal case - Research Paper Example The key factor that denies the organization an appeal is its own guilty plea regarding the environmental crimes it had been charged with. Secondly, the organization opted for an administrative Consent Agreement and Final Order (CAFO) as a way of getting a resolution to the violations. Among the limited conditions under which the courts can accept the withdrawal of a guilty plea is if it is presented before the judges have accepted the plea, and that is usually in the pre-sentence scenario (Weaver, 2001). It could also be accepted before defendants have been sentenced. Further, Walmart cannot show that they were served with obvious injustice because of conditions that existed during the time they were charged with the environmental crimes. The organization was aware of federal laws that required them to determine hazardous waste, prepare its manifest, and handle and dispose it as stipulated but failed to meet those requirements. At the same time, Walmart contracted Greenleaf to recycle its pesticide products, yet Greenleaf lacked the capacity for handling such products, which lead to the release of hazardous substances. Although it is not clear whether or not Walmart of aware of this lack of capacity, it was their legal responsibility to establish whether Greenlea f met all the requirements stipulated by law. This means that Walmart becomes legally responsible for contractors conducting business on its behalf. It can, therefore, be shown that the judgment served was sufficient to hold the organization accountable for its own as well as its contractor’s illegal and irresponsible business conduct that was a threat to the environment and life. Walmart may also not appeal against the ruling because there are no sufficient indications that they are not guilty because of lack of understanding the charges or consequences of pleading guilty. That can be demonstrated by United States v. Spencer, 836 F.2d 236, 239 (6th Cir. 1987). If the lawyers entered the guilty plea